Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76Plough Quarterly • Summer 2015 65 inequality. . . . ­ [U]ntil exclusion and inequality in society and between peoples is reversed, it will be impossible to eliminate violence.” Historically, the nonviolent way of life has taken a variety of forms, including conscientious objection to military service, intentional communities and alternative living, and nonviolent activism. Each of these remains vital today. Conscientious Objection When World War I began, federal law permitted military exemption only to men who could demonstrate conscientious objection to all wars on the basis of religious training and belief. Only members of certain well-recognized Christian peace churches, such as Quakers and Mennonites, were permitted civilian alternative service. Of approximately three thousand prisoners at Fort ­ Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1918, about three hundred were men whose conscientious objection to war had not been recognized by the government. Among them, two Hutterites, Joseph and Michael Hofer, died after being chained to the bars of their cells [see Plough’s Summer 2014 issue]. Hundreds of other Books discussed in this review: Worth Fighting For An Army Ranger’s Journey Out of the Military and Across America Rory Fanning (Haymarket Books) The Burglary The Discovery of J. Edgar Hoover’s Secret FBI Betty Medsger (Vintage) It Runs in the Family On Being Raised by Radicals and Growing into Rebellious Motherhood Frida Berrigan (OR Books) Waging Peace Global Adventures of a Lifelong Activist David Hartsough (PM Press) From Yale to Jail The Life Story of a Moral Dissenter David Dellinger (Pantheon Books) Nonviolence in America A Documentary History Staughton and Alice Lynd (ed.) (Orbis Books) The Face of Nonviolence in a Violent Century Staughton Lynd is a conscientious objector and civil rights activist; he and his wife Alice, both ­ attorneys, have advocated for Ohio steelworkers, the disabled, and prisoners. T he hundred years from 1914 – when the first shots of World War I rang out – until Israel’s invasion of Gaza in 2014 constituted the most violent century in history. Carnage included the Holocaust and ranged from cavalry charges to atomic bombs, with more than 180 million people dying in wartime, according to David Hartsough’s estimate in Waging Peace. But this bloody century will also be remem- bered for prophetic lives –such as Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Oscar Romero – who embraced non- violence, whether as a means of protest or to exemplify the coming kingdom of God. What does it mean to advo- cate nonviolence? Pope Francis says that when we renounce violence, we must also “say ‘thou shalt not’ to an economy of exclusion and inequality. Such an economy kills.” In Evangelii Gaudium he writes: “How can it be that it is not a news item when an elderly homeless person dies of exposure, but it is news when the stock market loses two points? This is a case of exclusion. Can we continue to stand by when food is thrown away while people are starving? This is a case of R e v i e w E s s ay S T A U G H T O N L Y N D